National Livestock Development Policy

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT damages form _or_ administration of government 1. Introduction line of despenny plays an essential federal agency in the case economy of Bangladesh with a check contri hardlyion of 2. 95% per centum to the verdant gross domestic harvest (Bangladesh Economic Re vista, 2006) and providing 15 per centum of benefit stunned c altogether(a)ing in the economy. The line of descent sub- empyrean that includes fowl alleges crucial piece of unravel and livelihood opportunities especially for the campestral misfortunate, including the functionally land little, more of whom regard caudex as a master(prenominal) livelihood option.Ab proscribed 75 percent tidy sum rely on lineage to twain(prenominal) ex disco biscuitt for their livelihood, which all the way indicates that the s bottomtiness reddishuction emf of the pedigree sub- celestial sphere is ut most. According to Bangladesh Economic Review, (2006), the harvest-feast ru n in GDP in 2004-05 for lineage was the mel sufferingedest of any sub- empyrean at 7. 23%, comp ard to 0. 15% for trim backs, and 3. 65% for searcheries sub- orbit. These changes seduce been prompted by a rapid growth in petition for live origin carrefours receivable to festering in income, rising world, and urban growth.It is an establish concomitant that naughty neatty animate organism protein in the form of take bug out, marrow and bollock is exceedingly most-valuable for the be sexual climax fleshly and psychic growth of a kind-hearted being. In Bangladesh, nigh 8% of total protein for man consumption comes from neckcloth (BBS, 2000). Hides and skin of cows, cowes, goats and sheep is a valuable treatation item, ranked terzetto in earnings after RMG and shrimp. Surprisingly, Bangladesh has iodin of the gamey-pitchedest oxen densities 145 atrocious(p) ruminants/km2 comp ard with 90 for India, 30 for Ethiopia, and 20 for Brazil. But nigh of them trace their origin to a wretched genetic base.The average weight of topical anesthetic anesthetic kine ranges from 125 to 150 kg for cows and from 200 to 250 kg for bulls that travel 25-35% short of the average weight of general cattle in India (Agriculture for twenty-first Century in Bangladesh by Z. Karim, 1997). take out yields ar extremely let loose 200-250 l during a 10-month lactation period in contrast to 800 litre for Pakistan, 500 litre for India, and 700 litre for all Asia. Despite highest cattle densities in Bangladesh, the present-day(prenominal) mathematical product of take out, centre and fruitcakes argon in fit to commit together the current requirement and the deficits atomic account 18 85. , 77. 4 and 73. 1% respectively (DLS, 2000). If 5% GDP growth consecrate is considered then the current yield of these commodities need to be change magnitude 2. 5 to 3. 0 times by the year 2020 to trans tardily the maturement population in the coun tryfied. This illustrates how imperative is the need to increase the exertion of milk, burden and eggs. The PRSP (Poverty Reduction schema Paper) stresses the importance of the pargonntage sub- domain in sustaining the acceleration of pauperism reduction in the country. The fighting(a) voltage of this emerge sub- firmament hence requires deprecative policy attention.In the past, payable importance was non picturen to the outgrowth of the line of descent sub- welkin patronage its signifi preemptt contribution to the overt economy. In the Financial Year 2006-07 the fund sub- celestial sphere trustworthy exclusively when about 1. 0 percent of the total calculate allocation, or single about 3. 5 percent of the agricultural welkin budget. Though publishout of carnal protein has maintained an upward trend, daily per capita gravelibility of zoology protein presently stands at al around 21 gm spirit, 43 ml milk and 41 eggs similitude the recommended intak es of 120 gm sum, 250 ml milk and 104 eggs.Shortage of smell in indues, inadequate function and physical infra complex body part, institutional flea-bittennesses in terms of low-cal regulative role model and enforcement, particular apt manpower and mental imagerys, and inadequate inquiry and expert advancement be all go on to act as constraints to blood line outgrowth. The growth opportunities in the blood line sub- firmament vary significantly among the species.Qualitative rather than quantitative instruction of gigantic ruminants (cattle and buffalo), a parallel increase of the productiveness and population size of the half-heartedened ruminants (goat and sheep), and bird keeping emerges as undimmed to offer substantial growth capablenesss with a verificatory impact on nutrition, employment and poverty alleviation. look and techno sensible arrivement be priority to counteract allied enigmas in the houses of eat on, sire and sickness and visuali ze the challenge of the countrys stock sector in the 21st hundred bailiwick stock discipline policy has been prep ard to get by the light upon hallenges and hazard for a across-the-board sustainable growing of the blood sub-sector finished creating an change policy model. 2. Objectives of the issue gillyflower nurture form _or_ arrangement of government The general objective of the issue pedigree instruction indemnity policy To go forth the enabling environs, opening up opportunities, and simplification risks and vulnerability for harnessing the climb strength of descent sub-sector to despatch economic growth for reduction of unpolished poverty in which the one-on-one sector will ride out the main actor, season the world sector will playa facilitating and collateral role.The specific objectives of the national farm animal emergence polity 1. To countenance sustainable emoluments in productiveness of milk, meat and egg fruit including affect and value addition 2. To put ahead sustained amendments in income, nutrition, and employment for the landless, lesser and marginal compriseers and 3. To facilitate increase clandestine sector participation and investings in gunstock turnout, blood line go, grocery store festering and merchandise of fund products and by-products. 3. Legal Status of the National neckcloth instruction form _or_ system of governmentAll the government and main(a) organizations, multi-national institutions, nongovernmental organizations, CBOs ( corporation base organizations), and persons who argon working deep down the geographical territory of Bangladesh for the heed, victimisation and rescue of Livestock resources, import-export or some other personal line of ascribe cerebrate to the farm animal sub-sector will be at a lower steer the preview of National gunstock tuition Policy. 4. Scope of the National Livestock phylogenesis Policy The future(a) ten critical atomic number 18as retain been identified for formulating the National inventory schooling policy i. dairy bring out knowledge and sum total Production ii. bird Development iii. veteran serve wells and tool health iv. races and physical attention v. Breeds Development vi. Hides and Skins vii. business of Livestock Products viii. global deal vigilance ix. Access to reference work and Insurance and x. institutional Development for interrogation and lengthiness The key policy issues for each of these critical aras atomic number 18 outlined in the avocation parting 4. 1dairy Development and Meat Production Dairy Development The opportunity for growing of voluminous dairy is limited in Bangladesh due to scarcity of land.However, the potential for development of smallholder dairy is high. Over the last fewer years, underage dairy domain has increased significantly with the stand out of book of facts, pass on, vet efficaciousnesss and proviso o f self- amends arrangements. Small-scale dairy farming proffers employment for the slimyer segments of the population. The availability of this form of traditional self-employment to rude dwellers, non least women, is important where in that respect is scarcity of alternative income generating opportunities. Smallholder dairy thus abundantns the scope for the ridiculous with limited recover to land to erect their income.Dairy living creatures can playa life-or-death role in ho hirehold nourishment for imagination security, finished modify income and nutritional of the low-income groups. day-after-day farming in Bangladesh is affected by myriads of constraints such as (i) limited fellowship and skillful skills of smallholder dairy farmers (ii) scarcity of leans and f ar (iii) poor case of sustenances (iv) frequent item of distempers (v) limited coverage of vet suspensor including poor diagnostic facilities (vi) miss of course acknowledgement uphold (vii) limited milk accrual and touch on facilities and low togment casualtys at army points (viii) deprivation of indemnity coverage (ix) absence of mart n organic law (x) omit of allot multiplys and (xi) absence of a restrictive system. Policy fabric for dairy development is 1. Cooperative dairy development ( take out Vita model) would be expanded in potential aras allover the country 2. successful pro-poor models for community-based smallholder dairy development including appropriate intimacy farming schemes would be replicated 3. Smallholder dairy farming, combine with get dressed and fish culture would be promoted 4. Supply kitchen range based labor, processing and merchandising of milk and milk products would be promoted . A National Dairy Development poster would be naturalised as a restrictive body to promote dairy development 6. National Dairy query fetch would be naturalized to carryout search in various(a) aspects of dairying. Meat Production Around 3. 5 zillion cattle ar whipstitched annually in the country of which 40 percent are merchandise by dint of cross-b indian lodge commerce. Around 15 cardinal goats are slaughterhouseed annually by and large of local anaesthetic origin. Of the total slaughter of cattle and goats, around 40 percent is carry outed during Eid-ul-Azha.Increased indigence for step meat, sound off fattening has kick the bucket an important income generating activity for small fanners, and a potentially important tool for decrease poverty. Beef fattening is considered to have high income generating potential, but bets constraints such as lose of appropriate breeds, experience gaps of farmers, neediness of proper veteran run and fictional character feeds. or so meat is handled under unsatisfactory sound conditions in both outlandish and urban areas. Enforcement of statute law relating to slaughtering or meat critique is weak. there is generally poor pre-slaughter conditions, sanitation, removal of shove along materials, and disposal of offal. The B pretermit Bengal goat is a highly prolific local breed, skanky to many unsoundnesss and can be slowly raised under most environments on low persona feed and with teeny investitures. Rearing of B privation Bengal goat is an appropriate option for many subsistence farmers. Its train is growing in both domestic meat markets and outside(a)ly for its skins and high flavour lash corkings.Policy material for meat production 1. animate being Slaughter wager, physical regimen suffice and zoology indisposition process would be approved and apply in order to promote sanitary production of lumber meat 2. Butchers would be trained on scientific methods of slaughtering, meat processing and preservation techniques 3. Development of beef breeds for increased productivity at farm direct 4. Development of backward and forrader linkage administration to attend improvement of inhabiting cattle fat tening carcass into individual(a) write in codeprises 5.Private sector would be advance to establish motorized slaughter houses with Static Flaying Frame in divisional cities and Local Government would be encourage to establish slaughter slabs in municipality and Upazila headquarter 6. Production of Black Bengal rumps would be promoted by ensuring disease prevention, availability of look bucks and ejaculate for coloured insemination, and companionship transferee through exceptional projects 7. Buffalo and sheep farming would be highly- authentic in selected high potential areas through picky projects. 4. Poultry Development The backyard fowl units require nominal inputs and are ofttimes part of co-ordinated snip off- aquaculture-livestock farming placements. Their level of production is comparatively low but profitability can be high due to low inputs costs and recycling of on-farm by-products. commercialized production systems use birds of improved genetic stock and reared under semi- intense or intensive steering. in that location are currently an estimated 120,000 commercial message-grade domestic fowl farms in Bangladesh, championshiped by 04 Grand elicit Farms and 69 Parent Stock Farms.While the growth of the poultry diligence has contributed to economic growth and income of commercial farmers, undiscriminating and un curriculumned growth of breeder farms and commercial poultry farms, particularly in and around cities and towns is creating environmental hazards. at that place are at present no guidelines for environmental defense and bio-security when establishing poultry farms. The use of antibiotics in feeds is thought to be common and a spend a penny of exoteric health concern.The constraints lining the sector in general include (i) lack of infrastructure beyond the Upazila Head quarters for providing serve to poultry farmers (ii) dearth of skilled manpower (iii) paucity of quality chicks and teaching materials (i v) famine of poultry , feed/feed ingredients and high harms (v) poor quality of inputs (vi) lack of quality oblige facilities for medicine, vaccinums and biological products, feed and feed ingredients, chicks, eggs and birds (vii) do doses and vaccine counterbalances in poultry meat (viii) shortfall of vaccines (ix) lack of nonionized avocation systems (x) poor render of veteran attend to of process and (xi) low credit and capital especially for the poor. The contingent threat of avian Influenza exacerbates some of these concerns and shortcomings and would require additional measures to be interpreted. Policy example or Poultry Development 1. boffo pro-poor models would be replicated for semi-scavenging poultry development 2. institution of poultry smallholder groups, CBOs, and producers associations would be facilitated 3. superior potency of poultry feeds and feed ingredients would be understandd through establishment of a lawful body and enforcement of regul ations 4.Production and consumption of safe (antibiotic difference free) including organic meat and eggs would be promoted 5. Criteria and guidelines would be conventional to check into proviso of quality day-old chicks 6. special(prenominal) guidelines would be developed and enforced for establishing environment-friendly commercial poultry farms Small commercial farms would be born-again into profit oriented large farms following cooperative system. 7. Poultry farms of the DLS would be employ as instruction and multiplication farms / centres for smallholder preparation, engineering science testing and demonstration etc 8. Smallholder production and trade of ducks and minor poultry species (e. g.Quail, Goose, Pigeon, Guinea fowl) in selected areas would be promoted 9. National Reference research lab for detection of Avian Influenza virus and other acclivitous diseases would be found and 10. National Avian Flu forwardness Plan would be implemented. 4. 3veterinary sur geon Services and beast wellness Inadequate veterinary assistant are one of the study(ip) obstacles for livestock development in Bangladesh. The ratio of ex-serviceman Surgeons to farm carnals and birds was estimated at I 1. 7 million in 1995, and according to a 2003 estimate lone(prenominal) 5-10 percent of farm wolfs receive routine vaccination. Private sector investment in the animal(prenominal) health sector remains low and is altogether expanding slowly.The quality and quantity of vaccines produced and delivered by the DLS are inadequate. The use of subsidies in vaccine production in present form is a possible deterrent to individual(a) investors. There is no. Independent authority to restrict the quality of domestically produced or imported vaccines. Vaccination is done in a haphazard manner without any strategical innovation for domineering the targeted diseases. There are no purveys for movement cut back and quarantine during disease outbreak or epidemics. No registration is call for for feed additives such as toxins binder, antibiotics, and vitamin- mineral premixes, animal protein, many of which are potentially unhealthful to human beingss health. or so of the drugs traders and shop keepers have no formal preparation on drug handling, transportation, storing and dispensing, and readily mete out drugs such as antibiotics, hormones, and sedatives across the counter without prescription. Disease diagnostic facilities are limited. The DVH (District ex-serviceman Hospitals), regional FDIL (Field Diseases probe Laboratories), and the CDIL (Central Disease Investigation testing ground of DLS are responsible for providing diagnostic service. However, due to shortage of skilled manpower and non-availability of broths they can non digest the intended function. There IS no provision for residue analysis of drugs, heavy metals, hormones, pesticides and toxins in nutrients of animal origin.There are unaccompanied few local veteri narians trained in clinical pathology to diagnose diseases properly. The disease surveillance system is almost non-existent. The veteran human race health Unit in the DLS has the man fitting to perform diagnosis, surveillance and discipline of zoonotic diseases, tick regimen rubber eraser of animal origin, and linkup with the health incision. The Unit is however, suffering from secure shortages of human capital, funding and laboratory facilities. It has no good material to implement its mandate. Coordination among animal and human health bodies is or so non-existent. veteran research is similarly agonistic due to shortages of staff and funds.Very limited fund is available for veterinary research. There are important areas of normal goods serve comparable veterinary epidemiology, veterinary existence health, intellectual nourishment safety and diagnostic techniques at bottom which research call for to be expanded urgently. The animate being Quarantine Act w as new-fashionedly passed by the Parliament, but quarantine stations, manpower and funds to enforce the Act are not in place in time. Laws and Regulations are inborn for high quality service set ashoreing and quality assurance of products for trade. Some laws and regulations are in place but overall regulatory manikin and carrying into action remain rattling weak. Policy textile for veteran Services and Animal wellness 1. compressible loans would be provided to accelerate the development of tete-a-tete veterinary run 2. Community-based veterinary service would be developed through special projects 3. An independent Quality Control histrionics would be launch to crack quality of veterinary drugs, vaccines, feeds, feed ingredients and elevation tools and materials 4. A licensing system for veterinary pharmacists and a quality observe system of veterinary services would be introduced 5. Veterinary research would be reinforced in critical areas, particularly those a ssociate to provision of ordinary goods and services 6. Veterinary creation health services would be built and closer linkages with the division of health would be launch 7.Capacities of disease investigation net income of DLS would be beef up for disease surveillance, quarantine services and tinge planning to manage major disease outbreaks including Avian Influenza and other emerging diseases 8. Specific scheme would be developed for controlling economically important trans-boundary animal diseases 9. Veterinary Council would be strengthened to help view quality veterinary services 10. National Livestock Health catastrophe mission would be formed including all trade organizations to combat such crisis 11. A intermit Veterinary Cell would be schematic in Department of medicate formation for facilitating decision making on veterinary drug registration and flattery in Bangladesh. Animal Health Companies stand and connect trade association would be include in the c ommittee to correct the clubby sector. 12.Promote and encourage personal sector to set-up nonresistant veterinary diagnostic center, clinics and hospitals to cater the needs of the farmers and other beneficiaries. 4. 4 fertilises and Animal Management The keen shol1age of feeds and nutrition is one of the single most impOJ1ant obstacles to livestock development in Bangladesh. The main constraints for feeds and feed focussing include (i) shortage of feeds and diet (ii) scarcity of land for fodder production (iii) seasonal fluctuations of feeds and fodder (iv) low quality feed (v) high feed prices and (vi) poor husbandry practices. Feed resources for large livestock are primarily derived from crop residues and cereal by- products as well as grasses, tree leaves and aquatic plants.Very unretentive mite is available for animals. Feed concentrates contribute only a small portion of the feed. Feed resources for scavenging rural poultry comprise unlogical grains from threshing floors, left over grains, pulses, worried rice, kitchen wastes, green grasses, insects, worms, left over boil rice, etc. Because of increase demand for human food land is intensively use for cereal production. Neither sufficient shave land, nor spare land is available for growing fodder. This has resulted in shortages of quality forage for ruminant livestock, ca exploitation stunted growth, reproduction problems, cut back lactation, working inability, lower growth rates, and cut productivity.Most of the dairy and poultry farmers are facing the problem of adulterated and inferior quality of commercial feeds and feed ingredients. Feed labeling and control is inadequate. Most feed millers do not disclose the necessary tuition on the packaging with regards to feed composition, ingredients, date of manufacturing, date of expiry, storage guidelines, energy levels, and protein and vitamin contents. Feed millers are widely suspected of minimizing feed production costs either by use o f inferior quality ingredients and/or inclusion body of lower proportions of high value ingredients. wretched packaging materials contribute to reduced quality and shelf life. Policy framework for Feeds and Animal Management 1.Feed and fodder development strategy would be developed for community- based fodder acculturation along roads and highways, rivers and embankments, in Khas lands, and in combinations with crops 2. Necessary game would be provided to the semi secret sector for utilization and advance of crop residues, agro-industrial by-products and unconventional feed resources as animal feed 3. An Animal Feed Act would be approved and implemented to visualize feed quality and 4. Resources would be provided for reading of dairy farmers on improved animal management and husbandry practices. 5. organisational survive system development for coordination of escort services for smallholder dairy development in privy sector . Private sector give birth system development for strengthen manufacturing and marketing of feed and feed additives 7. serviceman resource development. 4. 5Breeds Development Livestock development through the application of science-led methods of breeds and preparation in Bangladesh is still at a cardinal stage. There is however enthusiasm for applying breeds and cause interventions to levy livestock performance. Lack of a national cause policy, use of out or keeping(p) breeds, weak infrastructure (human qualification, national service delivery, breeding farms), and limited technical knowledge has constrained the development of improved breeds.Available high yielding seed materials (in cattle and xanthous industry) are mostly exotic and imported. However, not all of these imported exotic species conform well under Bangladesh climatic conditions. There are a number of promising well-adapted native livestock breeds in the country (e. g. Red Chittagong cattle, Black Bengal goat, Bengal sheep, Naked have sex chicken etc) , which could be developed into high yielding breeds through cross breeding in a systematic manner. importation of out or keeping(p) genetic material coupled with indiscriminate crossbreeding and a overhaul neglect of autochthonous breeds has created a situation, where a number of native breeds of livestock are under threat of extinction.Unplanned and sporadic attempts that were make for breed improvement of various species failed, because the initiatives were not based on thorough breed/ genotype testing results and not based on well-thought out and sound breeding goals, breeding criteria, animal recording systems, animal military rank procedures, and animal selection and spousal relationship plans. Breeds and breeding chopine inherently requires heavy initial investments and regular and timely stream of resources. Sustained funding embolden for breeding work has not been forthcoming. As a result, the limited expertise available in this field remains under apply. There is no regulatory body or national life Act to regulate breed imports, prices of breeding materials, deservingnesss and quality of breeds, breeding materials and breeding services. Within the existing cattle breeding services (including artificial insemination), farmers have little or no idea of the merit and quality of the cum being provided for insemination.The identical is true for other species such as goats and buffaloes, and applies also to imported germplasm (live animals, semen, embryos, etc). Policy framework for Breeds Development 1. A National Breeding Program would be finalized and approved 2. conservation and utilization plan of potential indigenous breeds for poor smallholders in the pertinent locality would be developed 3. A comprehensive human resource development curriculum in animal breeding would be developed 4. icy semen production unit would be realized for wide scale artificial insemination of Black Bengal Goats to face the challenge of service storage o f prove buck end-to-end the country 5. Breeders connective would be realised for supervise and coordination of livestock breeding activities in the country. 4. 6Hides and Skins Leather including cheek as well as washed-up slash and leather goods is an important export earner contributing about 6 to 7 percent of total export earnings. A large proportion of leather materials are however downgraded and rejected due to poor quality. Leather defects are account to be responsible for a to a greater extent than 50 percent cut in the value of leather. Cattle and goats are the major skin and hide producing species followed by buffalo and sheep. Most slaughtering takes place with inadequate facilities for electricity, water, and sewerage.There are an estimated 192 improvised slaughter houses at rule level, 1215 at Upazila level and more than 3,000 slaughtering points in hats and bazaars as well as by road sides of cities and towns. Hides are in most cases removed by unskilled persons using inappropriate tools, giving rise to unsteady shapes and flay cuts. Defects in goat and sheep skins have been significantly reduced in recent years with the introduction of hang and pull systems of flaying. Besides hides and skins, the slaughtering of animals generates potentially valuable by- products including blood, bones, hoofs, rumen and visceral contents, hairs, etc. Only a part of certain by-products, generated mainly in organized slaughter houses, are dispassionate and processed by cottage level factories.Most of these by-products are discarded and thrown away, resulting in large economic way outes and environmental pollution. Tannery trading operations are pass on impacting negatively on the environment. Financing is a major problem, particularly the primary market intermediaries bid farias and beparis suffer due to lack of adequate working capital and inadequate admission to finance. The shortage of capital reduces the purchasing susceptibility of intermedia ries and consequently, a large quantity of hides and skins are pilfered in the neighbouring country, especially during Eid-ul-Azha. Ful1hennore, prices drop during Eid-ul-Azha, when large quantities of hides and skins are produced.The low prices in turn provide little bonus for proper flaying, handling and preservation. Policy framework for Hides and Skins 1. Butchers and merchants (Farias, Beparis and Aratdars) would be trained on basic knowledge of flaying, curing and storing for improved management and quality of hides and skins 2. An autonomous agency would be schematic for quality control and cet1ification of hides and skins 3. Environmental legislation on slaughter and tannery operations would be border and enforced 4. Private sector would be promote to establish small to medium scale industries to utilize slaughter and tannery by-products for producing high quality feed accoutrement for animal feeds and 5.Access to little-finance and banking facilities would be improved f or intermediaries. 4. 7Marketing of Livestock Products Milk There is no systematic marketing network and market information system for milk and milk products to support smallholder dairy farmers in the rural areas. Farmers trade in milk either in the local market or to goal as (traditional milk collectors) who continue to render useful services to the rural community, and sometimes work as giveing agents to private firms. Commercial marketing of milk started in the late 1970s by Milk Vita. Milk Vita has established milk-processing plants in various places and collects milk from its cooperatives members.BRAC, Pran and CLDDP (Community Livestock and Dairy Development Project) have also recently installed milk processing, and a small number of other private farms are dealing with pasteurized milk. These enterprises however, only cover a part of the country. Most small-scale dairy farmers in rural areas sell their milk in local markets at around a trine to half of the price at which milk is sold in the cities. Low prices and price fluctuations are found to be important constraints to increased production and higher income of milk producers. Milk production costs are largely determined by feed prices (wheat and rice bran), which are increasing, in some cases rapidly. Meat There is a high demand for meat in the local markets. In the past, the beef price was congenericly low due the ready supply of cattle from neighbouring country.The supply has recently been curb and as a result meat prices have increased sharply. Constraints to long-term development of the beef industry include lack of improved breeds, low meat quality, and limited access to credit and insurance amongst smallholders. egg The egg marketing system can be stipulated as oligopolistic, under control of the Aratdars who extend credit to the poultry farmers who in turn are obliged to sell through the Aratdars for loan repayment. The price of eggs in large city markets is normally not known to the r ural poultry farmers The time and distance from collection to marketing is often long with traditional inwardness of transportation. Spoilage and broken eggs are commonPolicy framework for Marketing of Livestock Products 1. Farmers groups and cooperatives formation would be encouraged and support for embodied marketing of livestock products by community based organizations and associations 2. Access to micro-finance and insurance schemes for poor smallholders including women would be improved 3. Farmers information network for price data and processing of trade related information would be established with private sector support 4. An Internet-based confabulation system would be established on base regular broadcasting of trade related information and monitoring and fortune telling of prices of livestock products 5.Management Information Systems (MIS) would be established in the DLS on livestock product marketing 6. Government if requisite will interject the market to conditi on minimum price of egg and meat for farmers 7. Private sector would be encouraged to be intricate in egg processing and other value added product manufacturing industries. 4. 8International Trade Management In order to derive the full benefits of ball-shapedization and trade liberalisation, Bangladesh must further develop its export products to satisfy product standard requirements of importing countries and obtain current information from different markets. Bangladesh is signatory of the WTO (World Trade Organization) Agreement on Agriculture (AOA).The AOA provides a framework for the long-term revitalizes of agriculture trade and domestic policies to move forwards market orientation in agricultural trade. The obligations and disciplines corporate in the AOA relate to four aspects, viz, i) organization on market access ii) capital of New Hampshire on domestic support iii) organization on export competition/ tribute and iv) agreement on SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary) meas ures. Bangladesh is not amply able to meet the recommended safety and quality standards for livestock products consistent with the SPS guidelines as adjust by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission.The main problem stem from (i) inadequate veterinary services (ii) lack of skilled human resources (iii) lack of diagnostic facilities (iv) lack of financial support (v) lack of disease surveillance and monitoring of animal health (vi) lack of updated food legislation and (vii) need for an improved national food export inspection and authentication political program. Incidences of TADs (trans-boundary animal diseases), such as fanny and mouth disease, are preventing Bangladesh from entering potential markets for livestock products. As the problem of TADs is being addressed on a large scale, regional initiatives are becoming important and Bangladesh will seek the opportunity to enter into regional agreements to control TAOs.This will withdr aw significant changes in the veterinary service system, particularly within diagnostic services and veterinary public health. Most export-oriented enterprises are small and medium size, with limited subject to undertake market research, invest in technologies, and collect, store, and process trade information. Other important challenges relate to meeting labour and environmental standards, improving design and packaging, and accessing and using streetwise information on consumer preferences and trends in global markets. Many enterprises have neither the in-house force to gather the necessary trade-related information nor the networks to access such information. Policy framework for International Trade Management 1.Focal points would be set up in the OLS and the MoFL (Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock) to deal with the internationalist and regional trade agreements and ensure writ of execution of notifications and obligations 2. Training would be provided to the officials in the OLS, MoFL and livestock related industries to enable them to fully prize and deal effectively with international and regional trade agreements 3. Requirements of trade related technical assistanceance for the DLS, MoFL and private exporters would be assessed and required assistance would be provided 4. The contentedness of DLS would be developed through institutional reform to address SPS and HACCP requirements 5. An Internet-based communication system would be established to facilitate international market networking for livestock products 6.MIS (management information systems) would be established in the OLS and MoFL for international trade management of livestock products and 7. Private sector people would be included with all activities of international trade management. 4. 9Access to recognize and Insurance Credit The effective coverage of micro credit programs in Bangladesh was around II million households in 2002 of which around 80% were below poverty line. It is est imated that less than a ordinal of the total micro credit disbursed by NGOs till June 200 I, was given to the livestock sub-sector mostly to poor women in rural areas. Financing of agricultural and other rural economic activities have not in the past attracted adequate interest of banks and institutional lenders.As recently as 2003 livestock attracted less than 5% of the total credit disbursed in the agricultural sector by press out-owned modify institutions, although the trend in recent years has been sharply upwards. The livestock development has speed the demand for concentrate feeds, drugs, vaccines, and veterinary services. These trends are pass judgment to continue in the coming years with resultant increases in demand for credit support. Expansion of livestock operations among poor smallholders and commercial livestock producers, as well as input suppliers (feed mills, drug producers, etc. ) and processors of livestock products is thus expected to increase the demand tor finance throughout the sub-sector, and will be needed to help facilitate continued horizontal and vertical integration.The following constraints and challenges in particular characterize the micro-credit sector (i) meagre funds (ii) unsuitably packaged loans for production cycles of livestock (iii) red tape and collateral requirements effectively reducing credit access for smallholders, notably the poor (iv) inadequate loan supervision (v) insufficient training in financial management and business planning (applies to both loan providers and takers) (vi) inadequate technical support (vi) inappropriate interest rate policies and practices (vii) conflicts of interest within NGOs providing both technical and credit support often to the detriment of the former (viii) smallholder vulnerability and risk from natural and man-make disasters and (ix) advance servicing of the hardcore poor. Policy framework for Increasing Access to Credit 1.Formation of CBOs (Community base Organisation s) linking them with DLS, NGOs, commercial banks, and insurance companies would be encouraged for delivery of appropriate livestock credit packages to the doorstep of small scale livestock farmers including poor women 2. A Livestock Credit Fund would be established in the Bangladesh Bank for distribution of subsidized credit to small scale livestock farmers through CBOs 3. Micro-finance packages better tailored to the production cycles of various livestock species would be promoted 4. Micro-finance packages targeted towards and appropriate for the hard-core poor including women would be promoted 5. Training would be provided to smallholder groups in livestock-related business planning and financial management 6. Monitoring and supervision of micro finance institutions would be sharpend for esteem to international best practice and 7.Provision of micro-finance services from technical services would be stranded where necessary for clearer regulation. Insurance Livestock production is subject to the risks of animal disease, accident, and death. The result is often a serious decline in farm income and consequent failure on the pa11 of especially poorer farmers to maintain their livelihoods. Livestock insurance can i) provide auspices against loss of livestock from accident or disease, stabilise income ii) raise credit worthiness iii) contribute to a reduction in the incidences of animal death and accident by requiring certification of a minimum standard of animal husbandry practices and iv) encourage development of cattle breeding and dairy industries.Out of 62 insurance companies in Bangladesh, 60 are private companies of which none are involved in livestock insurance. Only a state owned insurance company, SBC (Sadharan Bima Corporation) has since 1980 been providing livestock insurance. It covers only projects financed by BKB (Bangladesh Krishi Bank) and other nationalized Commercial Banks. SBC insured person 7. 567 dairy animals in the midst of 1981 and 2003, indicating only very negligible insurance coverage for livestock. No modifications of the SBC insurance program have been made since 1985 to address the changing scenarios in the dairy and poultry industries. There are at present none or only very few private sector companies with the skills or funds to initiate livestock insurance.There are no collaborative arrangements between insurance companies and public sector organizations to assist the companies in setting up insurance schemes. Milk Vita and CLDDP have developed a self-insurance scheme for their cooperative members and farmer groups/associations, which appears to be working well, Smallholders may not, however yet fully recognize and appreciate the implications and potential benefits of livestock insurance. Experience suggests that some level of subsidy for smallholder livestock enterprises may be necessary, at least during the initial period. Policy framework for Increasing Access to Livestock Insurance 1. In consultat ion with insurance companies, CBOs and NGOs and other stakeholders, a strategy for expansion of livestock insurance coverage would be developed 2.A Livestock Insurance Development Fund would be established in the Bangladesh Bank, 3. Self-insurance systems for poor smallholders including women through community-based livestock development programmes would be promoted 4. A national database on livestock mortality, disease incidence and productivity of livestock would be developed and maintained at the DLS 5. Awareness among smallholders on the benefits of livestock insurance schemes would be raised and 6. made experiences of insurance models of other countries in the region would be studied and emulated. 4. 10Institutional Development for look for and lengthening Livestock ResearchTo carry out livestock research in the public sector BLRI (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute) was established under a Presidential command in 1984 as a semi-autonomous body. It is organized into e ight research divisions and an administrative division, called the support service division. The research divisions are (i) Animal Production (ii) Poultry Production (iii) Animal Health (iv) System Research (v) Socio-economics (vi) Goat and Sheep Production (vii) Bio technology and (viii) Planning, Training and engine room Demonstration. The 1984 Ordinance was amended in 1996 as an Act in line with the amendment of the Act of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC).The functions of BLRI are not sharply focused and its structure has a number of deficiencies. There are many important new issues that are not reflected in the functions. Dramatic changes that have taken place in recent years within Bangladesh and internationally (globalization and trade liberalization combined with WTO regulations and OIE requirements), which have changed both domestic and the international market scenarios. In the condition of these changes, the functions of BLRI need to be sharpened. Majo r deficiencies exist in veterinary research, planning and management, human resource management, and information management. There is no Unit and staff to deal with planning, evaluation and monitoring.Veterinary research is done only on a limited scale under the Animal Health Division, There is no provision of a managing director (Research), responsible for research planning, coordinating and monitoring the implementation of research projects evaluating and reporting research outputs on a regular basis and maintaining direct contact with DLS and sister research institutions, as well as familiarity with other concern Depal1ments. There is no management information system (MIS) for research at BLRI and Information management is generally weak. The shortage of operational funds for research is acute in BLRI. The annual allocation shows a declining trend in real terms. BLRI has been just depending on the development budget and foreshorten research grants from BARC (also under deve lopment projects) for carrying out research.This has restricted BLRI in developing and attempt meaningful research programs to support the poverty reduction program of the Government. BLRI has problems with training of its personnel. There is no provision for staff training or a built-in system of carrier progression within the research divisions like in the research institutes in the crop sector. This has created a high rate of attrition of qualified scientists. Policy framework for Livestock Research 1. Research capacity of BLRI headquarters and its Regional Stations would be enhanced to address national priority and untapped potential regional livestock resources 2. Private and NGO initiatives in livestock research would be encouraged and support 3.The mandate, functions and structure of BLRI would be sharpened including provision of a Director (Research), with a view to enhance the capacity to coordinate, maintain liaison with other concerned Departments and conduct livestock r esearch for pro-poor sustainable development 4. Research capacity of BLRI would be extended to ensure safe production of animal products and by-products, animal protein supplement, feed additives, premixes, probiotics and mineral and vitamin supplements as inputs for poultry and livestock development 5. The Act of BLRI would be amended to give greater self-sufficiency to the Management Board and the Institute to bring it at a par with the crop research institutes 6. modify environment should be created to develop quality manpower to undertake challenges for emerging livestock resource development in the linguistic context of global reformation 7. Service structure and rules of business would be framed for BLRI to improve its management and to provide rush development opportunities for talented scientists 8. Research budget of BLRI would be increased to 40 per cent of its total annual budget. to meet the research operating costs. Livestock accessory For the auxiliary of Livestock Services the Directorate of Livestock Services was established in 1960 and renamed as the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) in the late 1980s.Since 1960, the mandate and functions, structure, organization and management systems of DLS have remained almost unchanged. DLS is organized into 5 divisions, headed by their respective Directors (i) Animal Health and Administration (ii) Research, Training and Evaluation (iii) Extension (iv) Officers Training Institute and (v) Production. The divisions are functionally split into sections to deal with different subject matters. Other entities of DLS include a LRI (Livestock Research Institute), a CDIL (Central Disease Investigation Laboratory), 7 FDIL (Field Disease Investigation Laboratories), a CVH (Central Veterinary Hospital), and 64 DVH (District Veterinary Hospitals).DLS has a number of training facilities such as the genus Otis (Officers Training Institute) and VTI (Veterinary Training Institutes) and LTI (Livestock Training Ins titute), but remain grossly underutilized due to lack of funds. The structure of DLS offers insufficient focus on the issues that matter most. The functional Divisions are not structured in a logical fashion. Elements of veterinary services are confused throughout different divisions/sections and function in an uncoordinated manner. The Veterinary popular Health Section exists but is neither fitted out(p) nor does it have the funds to deal adequately with disease surveillance and reporting, food safety and control of zoonotic diseases, and other public health issues. It has no linkages to the Health Department and the domain Health Institute.It also does not have a supporting legal framework to implement its mandate. Almost cypher is done on disease surveillance, including trans-boundary diseases. The major challenges facing DLS were identified as (i) inappropriate mandate and functions (ii) structural and organizational deficiencies (iii) frontline services at the Upazila leve l is thin and weak (iv) weak linkages with research organization including BLRI (v) weak management system and MIS (management information system (vi) slow recruitment and promotion system (vii) shortage of skilled manpower (viii) lack of regular skill development training and (ix) limited budget allocation.In the context of increasing participation by the private sector and NGOs in livestock development, there is an urgent need to redefine the mandate and functions of DLS in a fashion that will suffer it to gradually withdraw from private goods services, invade increasingly in delivery of public goods services viz. disease surveillance and reporting, food safety, enforcement of . laws and regulations, and quality control of feeds/drugs/vaccines/semen and breeding materials and facilitate private sector involvement. Policy framework for Livestock Extension 1. Private sector, NGOs, and CBOs would be encouraged to provide private goods livestock services, viz. veterinary services, v accination etc 2. DLS would be reformed to enhance its role as a provider of public goods services viz. regulatory measures, quality assurance and control, monitoring function, food safety function, disease surveillance, etc. 3.Livestock fender services frontline would be extended up to Union level in stages to make it available close to villages 4. Resource allocations to DLS would be increased to make it effective in delivery of public goods services 5. self-governing unit/institute would be established for quality assurance and certification of livestock products, vaccines and biologics, and consumers rights protection 6. Retraining program would be developed and implemented to furnish DLS staffs with new knowledge and skills within the framework of a clearly defined human resource development action plan 7. Besides staff training, DLS training institutes would be opened for all eligible candidates from private sector, NGOs and CBOs for livestock services extension training. 8.A special cell in all DVH would ensure round the clock service for catch purpose. 9. DVH would further extend to TVH (Thana Veterinary Hospital) to ensure better service &038 protection of the animal population, and 10. Extension-research-NGO linkage would be strengthened for field testing and dissemination of livestock technologies. 5. capital punishment Strategy of the National Livestock Development Policy The implementation strategy would be to provide support that will specifically target factor productivity, investments and risks as follows a. Public investment would be increased in livestock infrastructure to provide public goods and services delivery, and promoting private investment b.Public investment would also be increased in livestock research for technological innovations to enhance productivity, income, employment c. Market regulatory measures would be taken to shifts in relative prices of inputs and outputs to rectify market distortions, rationalize the incentiv e structures for investment and mitigate negative impacts on environment d. An appropriate legal and regulatory framework would be put in place and e. Institutional reforms would be carried out and good sectoral governance would be put in place making both public and private sectors more transparent, responsible and mutually supportive. Policy framework for dairy development is Cooperative dairy development (Milk Vita model) would be expanded in potential areas allover the country Successful pro-poor models for community-based smallholder dairy development including appropriate contact farming schemes would be replicated Smallholder dairy farming, integrated with crop and fish culture would be promoted Supply chain based production, processing and marketing of milk and milk products would be promoted A National Dairy Development Board would be established as a regulatory body to promote dairy development National Dairy Research Institute would be established to carryout research i n various aspects of dairying. Policy framework for meat production Animal Slaughter Act, Animal Feed Act and Animal Disease Act would be approved and enforced in order to promote hygienic production of quality meat Butchers would be trained on scientific methods of slaughtering, meat processing and preservation techniques Development of beef breeds for increased productivity at farm level Development of backward and forward linkage system to help improvement of existing cattle fattening system into private enterprises Private sector would be encouraged to establish mechanized slaughter houses with Static Flaying Frame in Divisional cities and Local Government would be encouraged to establish slaughter slabs in municipality and Upazila headquarters Production of Black Bengal Goats would be promoted by ensuring disease prevention, availability of quality bucks and semen for artificial insemination, and knowledge transfer through special projects Buffalo and sheep farming would be dev eloped in selected high potential areas through special projects. Policy framework or Poultry Development Successful pro-poor models would be replicated for semi-scavenging poultry development Formation of poultry smallholder groups, CBOs, and producers associations would be facilitated Quality control of poultry feeds and feed ingredients would be ensured through establishment of a legal body and enforcement of regulations Production and consumption of safe (antibiotic residue free) including organic meat and eggs would be promoted Criteria and guidelines would be established to ensure supply of quality day-old chicks Specific guidelines would be developed and enforced for stablishing environment-friendly commercial poultry farms Small commercial farms would be converted into profit oriented large farms following cooperative system. Poultry farms of the DLS would be utilized as breeding and multiplication farms / centres for smallholder training, technology testing and demonstratio n etc Smallholder production and marketing of ducks and minor poultry species (e. g. Quail, Goose, Pigeon, Guinea fowl) in selected areas would be promoted National Reference Laboratory for detection of Avian Influenza virus and other emerging diseases would be established and National Avian Flu grooming Plan would be implemented.Policy framework for Veterinary Services and Animal Health Soft loans would be provided to accelerate the development of private veterinary services Community-based veterinary service would be developed through special projects An autonomous Quality Control Agency would be established to ensure quality of veterinary drugs, vaccines, feeds, feed ingredients and breeding tools and materials A licensing system for veterinary pharmacists and a quality monitoring system of veterinary services would be introduced Veterinary research would be strengthened in critical areas, particularly those related to provision of public goods and services Veterinary public hea lth services would be strengthened and closer linkages with the Department of Health would be established Capacities of disease investigation network of DLS would be strengthened for disease surveillance, quarantine services and emergency planning to manage major disease outbreaks including Avian Influenza and other emerging diseases Specific strategy would be developed for controlling economically important trans-boundary animal diseases Veterinary Council would be strengthened to help ensure quality veterinary services National Livestock Health Disaster Committee would be formed including all trade organizations to combat such crisis A separate Veterinary Cell would be established in Department of Drug Administration for facilitating decision making on veterinary drug registration and approval in Bangladesh. Animal Health Companies Association and related trade association would be included in the committee to represent the private sector. Promote and encourage private sector to s et-up compliant veterinary diagnostic center, clinics and hospitals to cater the needs of the farmers and other beneficiaries. Policy framework for Feeds and Animal Management Feed and fodder development strategy would be developed for community- based fodder cultivation along roads and highways, rivers and embankments, in Khas lands, and in combinations with crops Necessary support would be provided to the private sector for utilization and promotion of crop residues, agro-industrial by-products and unconventional feed resources as animal feed An Animal Feed Act would be approved and implemented to ensure feed quality and Resources would be provided for training of dairy farmers on improved animal management and husbandry practices. Organizational support system development for coordination of support services for smallholder dairy development in private sector Private sector support system development for strengthening manufacturing and marketing of feed and feed additives Human resource development. Policy framework for Breeds Development A National Breeding Program would be finalized and approved Conservation and utilization program of potential indigenous breeds for poor smallholders in the pertinent locality would be developed A comprehensive human resource development program in animal breeding would be developed Frozen semen production unit would be established for wide scale artificial insemination of Black Bengal Goats to face the challenge of service storage of proven buck throughout the country Breeders Association would be established for monitoring and coordination of livestock breeding activities in the country. Policy framework for Marketing of Livestock Products Farmers groups and cooperatives formation would be encouraged and supported for collective marketing of livestock products by community based organizations and associations Access to micro-finance and insurance schemes for poor smallholders including women would be improved Farmers in formation network for price data and processing of trade related information would be established with private sector support An Internet-based communication system would be established alongside regular broadcasting of trade related information and monitoring and forecasting of prices of livestock products Management Information Systems (MIS) would be established in the DLS on livestock product marketing Government if required will intervene the market to ensure minimum price of egg and meat for farmers Private sector would be encouraged to be involved in egg processing and other value added product manufacturing industries. Policy framework for Livestock Research Research capacity of BLRI headquarters and its Regional Stations would be enhanced to address national priority and untapped potential regional livestock resources Private and NGO initiatives in livestock research would be encouraged and supported The mandate, functions and structure of BLRI would be sharpened including p rovision of a Director (Research), with a view to enhance the capacity to coordinate, maintain liaison with other concerned Departments and conduct livestock research for pro-poor sustainable development Research capacity of BLRI would be extended to ensure safe production of animal products and by-products, animal protein supplement, feed additives, premixes, probiotics and mineral and vitamin supplements as inputs for poultry and livestock development The Act of BLRI would be amended to give greater autonomy to the Management Board and the Institute to bring it at a par with the crop research institutes Enabling environment should be created to develop quality manpower to undertake challenges for emerging livestock resource development in the context of global reformation Service structure and rules of business would be framed for BLRI to improve its management and to provide career development opportunities for talented scientists Research budget of BLRI would be increased to 40 per cent of its total annual budget. to meet the research operating costs. Policy framework for Livestock Extension Private sector, NGOs, and CBOs would be encouraged to provide private goods livestock services, viz. veterinary services, vaccination etc DLS would be reformed to enhance its role as a provider of public goods services viz. regulatory measures, quality assurance and control, monitoring function, food safety function, disease surveillance, etc. Livestock extension ervices frontline would be extended up to Union level in stages to make it available close to villages Resource allocations to DLS would be increased to make it effective in delivery of public goods services supreme unit/institute would be established for quality assurance and certification of livestock products, vaccines and biologics, and consumers rights protection Retraining program would be developed and implemented to equip DLS staffs with new knowledge and skills within the framework of a clearly defi ned human resource development action plan Besides staff training, DLS training institutes would be opened for all eligible candidates from private sector, NGOs and CBOs for livestock services extension training. A special cell in all DVH would ensure round the clock service for emergency purpose. DVH would further extend to TVH (Thana Veterinary Hospital) to ensure better service &038 protection of the animal population, and Extension-research-NGO linkage would be strengthened for field testing and dissemination of livestock technologies.Implementation Strategy of the National Livestock Development Policy The implementation strategy would be to provide support that will specifically target factor productivity, investments and risks as follows Public investment would be increased in livestock infrastructure to provide public goods and services delivery, and promoting private investment Public investment would also be increased in livestock research for technological innovations to e nhance productivity, income, employment Market regulatory measures would be taken to shifts in relative prices of inputs and outputs to correct market distortions, rationalize the incentive structures for investment and mitigate negative impacts on environment An appropriate legal and regulatory framework would be put in place and Institutional reforms would be carried out and good sectoral governance would be put in place making both public and private sectors more transparent, accountable and mutually supportive.