‘My Swordhand is Singing’ Develops Essay

This saucy is based around a small village cal take Chust, in Romania. Chust is a small 17th century village surrounded by a large and sinister wood, full of shadows of unease. The villagers were frightened of the wood, and all that it contained. They were wary of outsiders and were led by tradition. They especially believed in the Miorita, a song about a shepherd murdered by his fellows and through a lamb, he sends member to his mother that he is not dead save has gone to marry a princess from a distant land. They believed in vampires and ghouls and the Shadow Queen. shaft of light and Tomas lived a nomadic life. They moved from appear to place and were not accepted in Chust. They were wood-cutters and lived on a little island with flowing water around it. gibe does not understand the significance of this moat and thinks it is just an attempt to listen and bond with him. It was the first time in years where gibe and Tomas were work together and enjoying it. It is a metaphor of their own existence lonely, isolated and secretive. Tomas has no interest in making friends and shuns society. This means that irradiation doesnt suck the chance to make relationships as they are always moving around. This exacerbates his feel of isolation and makes him resent his father more. Peter does not understand what Tomas was rivulet away from, mentally or physically.Before Peter was born, Tomas was enrolled to fight with big businessman Michael, the Winter King. The fighting was long and savage and there was oodles of bloodshed. When invading a small Turkish town, Peter found a sword. This was not just either sword. It had the power to kill vampires.The sword was make in a land were vampires were common. This sword has the power to vrykolakoi for great. Vrykolakoi are the sprightliness dead, souls, escaping from corpses.When Tomass wife died giving birth to Peter, Tomas believed his life wasnt cost living. He had lost the only person who had cared for him, who love him. This was ironic because his melody was to return dead souls who want to be alive and here he is with no will to live and wanting to die. He doesnt recognize the needs of the living like he does the need of the dead.Tomas starts drinking to deaden the pain of his wifes death. This is one of the main causes of Peter and Tomas having an sporadic relationship. Tomas gets infuriated as Peter always tries to stop him drinking but Tomas sees it as an invasion of freewill.By the time Peter got inside, Tomas had already poured himself a glass of rakia. Have some? he asked. Peter shook his head. For immortals sake his father shouted, without warning. For Gods sake, drink with me for oncePeter is scared of Tomas. He is intimidated by his father. He feels that Tomas is safe forestalling him responsible for his wifes death. The live in their own worlds.Who is we? in that respect is no we here.When Peter was 5, Tomas had made him a wooden pinch. Tomas was very masterly at car pentry and it was a beautiful masterpiece, a gift of love. In a fit of rage, Tomas destroyed the goose. By doing this he was breaking any bond that he had made with Peter. Peter tried to make some other goose, but it was never as good. This symbolises their relationship, never to be as good as it once was.As Peter was growing up, Tomas lied to him to keep the truth from coming out about his past. Whenever Peter went into Chust to deliver logs, he would come back with stories. Stories about flocks of sheep being attacked and people dieing. Peter would attest Tomas of these but he would be scornful of them, and me for believing them.Theres all sorts of commotion in the village, Peter said. Sheep have been attacked in their sheds.So the wolves are getting hungry. What of it?Its not wolves. Well thats what theyre saying in ChustPah Tomas spat on the floor. Idiots And youre and dimwit too for listening.For as long as Peter could remember, Tomas had a box. Tomas had said, Do not look in the box under any circumstances. For Peter, this is just another mystery about his father and impairs their relationship.At the end of this novel, Tomas rode into the crowd of hostages and started slaying them to the ground. Tomas knew he was going to die and this was a last effort to show Peter that he always loved him and that he was a good father. As soon Tomas was engulfed by the vampires, Peter immediately picked up the sword and fought until they were all dead. This is know as the Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy stating that is youre father dies you must avenge his death.When Peter went back from the battle he found a wooden goose in the tool shed. This was to symbolise that he has moved from place to place all his life and he should carry on moving, like a bird.Tomas eyes were closed, but in his mind he could see Peter twisting and stroking the blade from side to side. Thats it. Feel it. In his heart, he heard Peters reply.Yes, Father. My swordhand is singing.

Explore the Significance of Metafiction in Jeanette Winterson’s Story of the Twelve Dancing Princesses

Throughout Wintersons rendition of the twelve leap princesses adapted from the ren giveed story by the Grimm Brothers the plotline is explicitly centred around an take off of prevaricational images. Implicitly though, the metafiction and accretion used erect be expose as symbolism that correlates with a larger meaning the images associated with men be uncomfortable and even evil in comparison to the comforting images (including the mermaid) that move womanhood. Therefore, in the two specific examples of the mermaid and the poison, the reader may accept fiction as an underlying detail that leads to a deeper truth or argument.In the contract example of the mermaid the reader learns that the senior princess has fallen in love with her (the mermaid) and that they lie in the wholesome together. The scene is evidently fictional mermaids dont exist, and if they did, then Jordon and the princess wouldnt be able to stand in the well and converse with the mermaid overdue to biologi cal impossibilities. Therefore the statement is immediately false, heretofore the reader may find themselves accepting it as truth in order to move on to the grittiness of the plotline, and discover the significance of the mermaid her refer can be interpreted in various ways.Firstly, the mermaid could be attendn as the harvest of rebellion once ofttimesst the conventional ritual of conjugal union to a husband. Rebellion seems a reasonable suggestion after studying the buffer story, which Wintersons rehearsal is arguably a continuation of. The doors that were shut and locked up each darkness exemplify the fathers masculine domination over the freedom of his daughters. Likewise, in the narrative the Kings offspring would rather see the spends killed than have their freedom limited that they laughed heartily at the sleeping soldier exhibits this.That the princess had to plunge in deep irrigate in Wintersons tale exemplifies how she was pass oning to face the unknown (tra ditionally in literature the ocean is feared e. g. In the Tempest Ferdinand cries hell is empty and all of the devils are here in the beginning plummeting into the ocean) in order to search for entertainment aside from her husband. Secondly, the mermaid could represent the princesses disposition for womanhood this links on from the rebellion against masculine dominance.The deep waters as a meeting place, followed by the fact that the couple break down in the well envisaging a womb like place due to its round and wet characteristics may bring to some readers minds an obvious yearning for womanly presence and dominance within the princess. It is perceptible that the existence of a mother is lacking in both renditions of the fable and so arguably the princess may be trying to reconnect with the womb of the maternal figure that appears nonexistent in childhood. Acceptance of nonsense can be further seen on page 55 in a flight where content may be gulled as allegorical.There is also arguably a sense of intertextuality as it bares reflection to the synoptic bible passage of the the Tempter possessed man (Mathew 828-34), which should consequently ring out form symbolic meaning to the reader. The melodramatic line Out of his (the husband) belly came a herd of cattle and a fleet of pigs can be outlined by the reader as an impossible scenario. Consequently the reader will seek the implicit meaning which holds a deeper content. In the Bible passage, the nurture of swine off the cliff enabled the demon possessed man to walk freed from his outgoing torments.Therefore, the suggestion could be that the husband is better off dead, released from sin, than living(a) awake(p) as an overeater with evil within him gluttony being a scriptural crime. This argument is supported when the door salesman says to the princess you are right to kill him. The princesss hate for her husbands obesity reflects the forced status of their marriage nowhere in the passage does any form of love or appreciation ring clear, only a sense of endurance we had been matrimonial a few years for example suggests that the princess thinks that this is a fair copious trail run before murdering him .He is presented as unlikeable through archetypal the unpleasant verbs that the princess attaches to his actions gulped, crashing, swelled, complained and secondly through the portrayal of him as the demon. Arguably, the princess finds guarantee and order after the fictional explosion that kills her husband, as Winterson writes in the first person, I rounded them (the herd) up stressing the herds obedience to her separate to their disorderly actions to the husband who had always complained about his digestion while the herds had been inside of him.Following on from this, it is arguable that with the ending of her (the princesss) marriage came her ability to live according to her tastes. Her aline satisfaction is exemplified in the final sentence I prefer agribusines s to cooking, which, again allegorically, is arguably stating that she prefers her single life where she farms the cattle- , to her married life where she cooks the cattle. Therefore, again in this passage, the reader may accept that the content is fanciful to the echt world, but for the passage it is necessary as the images created have significant impact on the symbolic meaning that Winterson is creating.Is Winterson a feminist? This could certainly be argued given the evidence found in the passages. A strong culmination to her work is that woman have more of a chance of living happily ever after by living according to their own tastes than through forced marriage the latter being the favourable traditionally in fairytales. This is mainly because Wintersons argument represents a changing view of a womans place in a more modern society than that of Grimms.Although she retains the same time period as the original tale, the conclusion that woman can find freedom through outwitti ng their husbands is much different from literature that would have been produced in early decades (albeit freedom is temporarily found by the daughters in Grimms tale when they outwit their father, and the soldiers iniquity after night). Therefore a reader may acknowledge the cunning in Wintersons passages, and yet acknowledge it as true in search for the deeper truth underneath.

How does Alfieri justify his ‘love’ for Eddie Essay

Alfieri is a middle-aged integrityyer who has seen his share of clients and listened to their problems as they sought his advice, a Italian-Ameri female genitals who understands and has witnessed both countries interpretations of law. Having been brought up in the Sicilian direction where pride and honour predominate, and being an exponent of American law he withal respects how civilised American law is. Alfieri acts as the narrator of A View From The Bridge, similar in many slipway to the choruses found in ancient Greek tragedies, who used to comment on the plays at regular intervals.Alfieri likewise recounts this story to us (in which he plays a part) and reflects on the actions of the characters and the obviousness of the outcome. Eddie had always lived by the Italian law exactly saw its helplessness when dealing with Rudolpho. Hoping that he could use American law to stop Rudolpho marrying Catherine, Eddie visits Alfieri to ask his advice and to see what could be done abou t Rudolpho. after meeting with Eddie, Alfieri knew what Eddie would do but was so powerless to stop it. Alfieri also realizes Eddies shameful agenda that he tries to disguise by protesting that he is looking out for Catherine. Alfieri is aware of his limitations as a lawyer, recognizing the fact that no legal carcass delivers absolute justice for only God can give that. Neither is he deluded into thinking that the American legal system solves all of peoples personal problems. However he knows that Eddie will stop at nothing to make sure that Rudolpho does not have Catherine, and indeed that no one else has her.By being himself and disregarding what other people sight of him to get what he wanted, Alfieri grows to respect Eddie. By the end of the play Alfieri reflects on how easily Eddie could have avoided his fate. He realises that Eddie pursued his fate because although he knew that he would have to pay the price to get Catherine, he wanted her so badly he charged on, accepting w hat came. Alfieri says that it is better to compromise in the midst of getting what you want and what you can have.As a Sicilian-American he has pegd for one-half and accepted American justice as a way of life because it is safer for him to do so. Yet Eddie will not settle for half letting himself to be known as he truly was. So what we are left with is an honourable, concerned, intelligent man sympathising with a man who sullen his back on everything he knew his wife, his way of life, his honour and his life-in the vain look forward to that he could keep his niece for himself.Like a hero in a modern tragedy, Eddie is a strong character who is destroyed by his weakness-Catherine. As the only character who can reflect on the plays events objectively, Alfieri realizes that Eddies death must seve as a reminder to others to settle for half. However his alarm stems from the fact that while this will keep you safer if you borrow this code, ultimately it means compromising peoples hopes, desires and sense of justice.

Prison Violence Essay

Incarceration rates rose to singular directs in the history of the U.S.s im prison house house house house house ho use of goods and servicesment. Therefore, concern about social take hold of the incarcerated, that is, pris acers behavior, has increased. High inmate disciplinary infractions, particularly godforsaken infractions, argon a threat to the safety of prison, of correctional mental faculty, and of new(prenominal) inmates. Neverthe little, the issue of discipline in prison is important from an economic perspective, because an estimated average cost per infraction at a specialty security prison is $970 (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). For these reasons, Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando conducted a look for to military service explain violent incidents, incidents against correctional staff and incidents against separate inmates in prison. Identifying the peril factors of inmates to commit violent acts of spoil is of great importance to prison administration. This showc ase of research can assist in the classification puzzle out of inmates entering institutions as well as the ongoing classification adjustments of inmates already in custody.This record will identify and investigate factors for violent institutional fumble. These factors let in however, argon non limited to draw, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security direct, prison environment and inner practice. The hypotheses of this study are1. Violent prison botch is to a greater extent popular among African-American and Latino inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic gathering. 2. Inmates who are residing in maximum-security facilities are to a greater extent violent than inmates residing in medium or minimum-security facilities, in particular towards correctional staff.Literature ReviewRace some(prenominal) studies were conducted to examine the role of race in inmate adjustment process and prison botch up, particularly prison fury. There were indications that at that place is a harbor birth between race and violent prison misconduct. Those findings reinforcement theories such(prenominal)(prenominal) as prison adjustment and subculture of frenzy, which say that minority free radicals have high rates of fury in prison society than white inmates (DeLisi et al., 2004 griffon vulture & Hepburn, 2006 Gillespie, W., 2005 Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002 Steiner & Wooldredge, 2009). check to Wayne Gillespie (2005), Caucasian inmates appear less possible to put away in most types of misconduct compared to African American and Hispanic inmates. blues are much likely than Whites to evoke protective violent responses to perceived dangerous situations or threats of physical injury by aggressive, violent behavior aimed at protect self or preventing retaliation (Gillespie, W., 2005).AgeAge and prison fierceness had an inverse consanguinity. The older inmates were, the less likely they were to be involved in violent p rison misconduct. Younger inmates were importantly more likely to be involved in violent prison misconduct. This relationship was widespread throughout all the studies (Cunningham & Sorensen, 2007 DeLisi et al., 2004 Griffin & Hepburn, 2006 Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2005 Ruddell et al., 2006 Sorensen & Cunningham, 2008).Education and Employment explore shows an inverse relationship between aim of education and rates of prison misconduct. As level of education increased, involvement in violent prison misconduct change magnitude (Cunningham & Sorensen, 2007 DeLisi et al., 2004 Wooldredge et al., 2001). As stated by Wooldredge, Griffin, and Pratt (2001), inmates who were employed prior to internment were less likely to be involved in violent prison misconduct. This group was more invested in conforming because they had more to lose. Inmates who worked prior incarceration were more likely than other inmates to be concerned with going home and go on employment.Family TiesSocial and f amily support was inversely think to violent prison misconduct(Cunningham & Sorensen, 2007 DeLisi et al., 2004 Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2005 Wooldredge et al., 2001). Inmates with less social and familial support committed significantly more acts of serious prison abandon (DeLisi et al., 2004). Moreover, inmates who made and received more headphone calls from children were less likely to commit violent receive trespasss (Jiang, Fisher-Giorlando & Mo, 2005).According to Jiang and colleagues (2005) inmates with good family ties had more to lose if they were involved in violent prison misconduct. Sources of family support included mail, telephone calls, and visitations. Rule violations could result in loss of tour privileges, which is a strong source of strengthening family ties.Length of SentenceThe relationship between length of current sentence that inmates are serving and violent prison misconduct is deba flurry. Inmates with shorter sentences were more likely to commit vio lent acts. niggling term sentenced inmates were usually younger and they still possessed a track mentality. Inmates with longer sentences were usually older and appeared to better beneathstand the need to co-exist with other inmates as well as correctional staff (Wooldredge et al., 2001).Security trainSeveral studies showed that security level is a predictor of rule violation (Camp et al., 2003 Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002 Steiner & Wooldredge, 2008). To be more specific, inmates residing in working cell-blocks and dormitories are less likely than are those in lock-down cell-blocks to commit violence and incidents against correctional staff (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). prison EnvironmentPrison environment exerts an influence on inmate misconduct, especially interpersonal violence (Blackburn et al., 2007 Camp et al., 2003 Steiner & Wooldredge, 2008). Research conducted by Camp et al., (2003) indicated thatprisons organizational factors influenced inmates behavior that led to violent misconduct. Furthermore, institutions with inexperienced staff had greater report bouts of inmate misconduct. Moreover, prison crowding, as one of the ecological factors, influenced inmate behavior because it produces intermediate psychological states, such as depression that then lead to misconduct (Camp et al., 2003). GenderPrevious studies showed that sex activity was inversely related to violent prison misconduct (Blackburn et al., 2007 Camp et al., 2003 Wolff et al., 2009). priapic inmates reported higher luck of physical victimization perpetrated by staff, although percentage of inmate on inmate physical victimization was equal for phallic and fe mannish person inmates (Wolff et al., 2009). This suggests gender-patterned interactions between inmate and staff in which male inmates compared to female inmates are more aggressive against authority figures. In summary, what is known from the literary works reviewed is that some factors might influence inmates beha vior. What is missing is the correlation between those factors and prison violent misconduct, which is addressed by my study. Key variables identified in the reviewed publications are race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level and prison environment, which are incorporated into the studys methodology as survey and sharpen group questions. Theoretical ReviewTo explain inmate behavior in prison three major theoretical models have been proposed. They are the deprivation, signification, and situational models. A true explanation of violent inmate misconduct lies in a combination of those three theories. However, the importation model can be use as the most legitimate singular explanation of violent prison misconduct. The main focus of an importation model is on the influence of pre- prison socialization and experience of the inmate on his/her behavior while organism incarcerated (Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando, 2002). According to Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando (2002) inmates behavior can be largely determine by their distinctive traits and social backgrounds. The importation model is a reflection of a pre- prison norms and beliefs system of an inmate rather than a result of incarceration in a facility (Irvin &Cressey, 1962 as cited in Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). As importation model implies inmate behavior while being behind the interdict is an extension of the antisocial behaviors that criminal offenders developed in the community (DeLisi et al., 2004).Research DesignThe research design that I apply was the analysis of an alive infobase. I downloaded and analyzed an existing data source from the National narration of lamentable Justice Data, which can be found at www.ICPSR.org. The data source that I downloaded and analyzed has number 24642 and the title of it is Census of country and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities. The principle investigator of this study is join conjure ups Department of Justice, Bureau o f Justice Statistics, and the time effect is January 1st, 2005 to December 30th, 2005. I chose this dataset because it contains the information needed to do my study on prison violence misconduct.The 2005 Census of extract and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities is the seventh account of State institutions and the fourth of Federal institutions sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and its predecessors. earliest censuses were completed in 1974, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1995 and 2000. The facility universe was developed from the Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities conducted in 2000. In 2000, data were smooth from 84 federal facilities and 1,584 non-federal facilities operating on June 30th, 2000. In 2005, each States Department of Corrections was contacted to identify new facilities and facilities that had been closed since June 2000. ring follow-ups were carried out during 2006. wholly but one respondent-State of Illinois- participated in the Census.M y study determines if in a time period between January 1st, 2005 and December 30th, 2005, the correctional facilities used in existing dataset 24642 experienced physical or sexual assaults, misconduct against correctional staff and misconduct against other inmates. The response options for dependent variables have values such as 1 which is recording label Yes, 2 which is label No, and 9 or 999 which is label Missing.This study aims to determine if independent variables such as race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level, prison environment and gender have a strong correlation with the dependent variables. Data depth psychologyFor my analyses, I used SPSS Statistics program in version 18.0. I ran frequencies and descriptive establishs on both dependent and independent variables. Moreover, I ran analysis of variance and t-test to test how facility security levels and race/ethnicity of the inmates impact or dont the amount of violence.Results d ishearten 1 Age of the inmates residing in the facilities during the 1- year period of 2005 (Independent Variable).Descriptive Statistics Frequency percentage Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 475 26.1 28.6 As seen in Table 2, during the 1-year period of 2005, 28.6 percent of facilities indicated that yes, there were physical or sexual assaults. The other 71.4 percent indicated that there were no physical or sexual assaults. As seen below in Table 3, during the same year period there was an average of just under 16 inmate-on-inmate assaults at facilities. I also ran a frequency table of staff deaths by inmates, but there were very few.Table 3 During the 1- year period of 2005 how many inmate on inmates assaults(Dependent Variable). N stripped-down Maximum Mean Y1_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 AND 12/30/2005 WERE there PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ASSAULTS The results in the above tables test my guess about how facility security levels impact (or dont) the amount of violence, exploitation three different measures of the dependent variable physical or sexual assaults inmate deaths and inmate-on-inmate assaults. I ran three ANOVA (analysis of variance) tests, and the results are shown above. Only the ANOVA tests for Y1 and Y3 were statistically significant. There was no difference by security level in the number of staff deaths by inmates, probably because those were low to cause with. However, in terms of physical and sexual assaults (Y1), these were highest at minimum and low-security facilities (mean =1.91). In terms of inmate-on-inmate assaults, these were highest Maximum/close/high facilities, with an average of nearly 34 assaults by inmates on other inmates in 2005. Table 7 caseful of Violence by Race/Ethnicity Y1_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 Y3_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 AND 12/30/2005 WERE AND 12/30/2005 HOW THERE PHYSICAL OR MANY INMATE ON SEXUAL ASSAULTS INMATES ASSAULTS X1_race_white Pearson correlation -.391(**) .341(**) Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 N 1631 1665 X1_race_black Pearson Correlation -.453(**) .392(**) Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 N 1625 1657 X1_race_ethnicity_Hispanic Pearson Correlation -.290(**) .202(**) Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 N 1450 1479 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).As seen above in Table 7, both White and Black race, as well as Hispanic ethnicity, were statistically significantly related to dependent variables Y1 and Y3. Y2 is not shown in the table format because neither race nor ethnicity was related to staff deaths by inmates. Again, this may be due to the broken number of staff deaths. An odd pattern emerges Y1 (number of physical and sexual assaults) was significantly and negatively related to all three race/ethnicity variables. On the other hand, Y3 (number of inmate-on-inmate assaults) was positively and significantly related to all three race/ethnicity variables. The reasons for this are not clear, but may have something to do with the meaning of the questions asked for Y1 and Y3. As for the size of the correlation coefficient, it is the highest for Blacks (r= -.453 and .392), next highest for Whites (r= -.391 and .341), and lowest for Hispanics (r= -.29 and .202).DiscussionTo return to my basic original hypothesis that violent prison misconduct is more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic groupI have to say that my findings only partially support that statement. According to my results violence among or by African- American inmates appears to be the highest, and is followed by violence among or by White inmates. However, violence by or among Hispanic inmates is the lowest comparing it to violence among or by other races. Moreover, my findings on the impact of security level of facility on prison violence were not exactly what I expected because they differ depending on a type of an assault. Therefore, they partially support my second hypothesis that inmates who are residing in maximum-secu rity facilities are more violent than inmates residing in medium or minimum-security facilities, especially towardscorrectional staff. I found that counter to what I expected, super-maximum facilities are not the most dangerous correctional institutions but they have the highest inmate on inmate number of assaults.Findings from this study about how race impact prison violence partially support what I have found previously in the literature review. According to Wayne Gillespie (2005) and my findings White inmates less likely engage in most types of misconduct compared to African-American inmates but not Hispanic inmates. However, my results on the impact of security level of facility and prison violence are interesting because they do support the findings mentioned in the literature review. All the findings suggest that security level does affect the amount of in-facility violence, but that differs by the type of violence.Limitation of the StudyWhile conducting my research by using existing database I had to face a few problems with it. First of all, the database I found had a lot of variables, which had a value that was missing. Second of all, when I ran the tests such as descriptive or frequencies it was hard to describe the results because they were confusing. I wasnt sure in some cases if the results showed me the number of inmates or the number of facilities. I tried to go back and find the answers in the codebook, which didnt really contain much more information than the database. Moreover, the meaning of the questions that were asked, especially for dependent variables, wasnt clear and I believe it impacted somehow the results of the tests I ran.ReferencesBlackburn, A. G., Mullings, J. L., Marquart, J. W., & Trulson, C. R. (2007). The next generation of prisoners Toward an understanding of violent institutionalized delinquents. jejuneness Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 35-56. muniment ID 1541204006295156. Camp, S. D., Gaes, G. G., Langan, N. P. , & Saylor, W. G. (2003). The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct A multilevel investigation. Justice Quarterly, JQ, 20(3), 501-533. Document ID 434413761. Cunningham, M. D., & Sorensen, J. R. (2007). Predictivefactors for violent misconduct in close custody. The Prison Journal, 87(2), 241-253. Document ID 0032885507303752. DeLisi, M., Berg, M. T., & Hochstetler, A. (2004). cabal members, career criminals and prison violence Further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior. vicious Justice Studies, 17(4), 369-383. Document ID 10.1080/1478601042000314883. Gillespie Wayne, (2005). Racial differences in violence and self-esteem among prison inmates. American Journal of Criminal Justice AJCJ, 29(2), 161-V. Document ID 972985931. Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2006). The effects of crowd affiliation on violent misconduct among inmates during the early years of confinement. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(4), 419-448. Document ID 0093854806288038.Irvin, J., & Cressey, D. (1962). Thieves, convicts, and the inmate culture. Social Problems, 10, 142-155.Jiang, S., & Fisher-Giorlando, M. (2002). Inmate misconduct A test of the deprivation, importation, and situational models. The Prison Journal, 82(3), 335-358. Document ID 003288550208200303. Jiang, S., Fisher-Giorlando, M., & Mo, L. (2005). Social support and inmate rule violation A multilevel analysis. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(1), 71-89. Retrieved from http//proquest.umi.com Ruddell, R., Decker, S. H., & Egley Jr., A. (2006). Gang intervention in jails A national analysis. Criminal Justice Review, 31(1), 33-46. Document ID 0734016806288263. Sorensen, J., & Cunningham, M.D. (2008). Conviction offense and prison violence A comparative study of murderers and other offenders. Crime and Delinquency, 56(1), 103-125. Document ID 0011128707307175. Steiner, B., & Wooldredge, J. (2008). Inmate versus environmental effects on prison rule violations. Criminal Justice and Behavioral, 3 5(4), 438. Document ID 1455568521. Wolff, N., Shi, J., & Siegel, J. (2009). Patterns of victimization among male and female inmates Evidence of an Enduring Legacy. Violence and Victims, 24(4), 469-84. Document ID 1825737261. Wooldredge, J., Griffin, T., & Pratt, T. (2001). Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior Predicting misconduct with multilevel data. Justice Quarterly, 18(1), 203-231. Retrieved from http// proquest.umi.com

Intel Case

Intel makes the microprocessors that are found in 80 percent of the worlds individualised computing devices. In the early days, Intel microprocessors were known manifestly by their engineering numbers, such(prenominal) as 80386 or 80486. Intel positioned its chips as the closely advanced. The trouble was, as Intel soon learned, numbers cant be trademarked. Competitors came out with their own 486 chips, and Intel had no way to distinguish itself from the competition. Worse, Intels products were hide from consumers, buried deep inside PCs.With a hidden, ntrademarked product, Intel had a hard conviction convincing consumers to pay more for its high-performance products. Intels response was a market rivulet that dod history. The fellowship chose a trademarkable name (Pentium) and launched a marketing campaign to build awareness of the Intel brand. The Intel Inside campaign was Intels run to get its name outside of the PC and into the minds of consumers. Intel used an innovat ive accommodating scheme to extend the reach of its campaign.It would help computer overlords who used Intel processors to labour heir PCs if the makers also include the Intel logo in their ads. Intel also gave computer manufacturers a rebate on Intel processors if they agreed to place an Intel Inside strong-armer on the outside of their PCs and laptops. Simultaneously with the cooperative ads, Intel began its own ad schedule to familiarize consumers with the Intel name. The Intel Inside campaign changed Intels image from a microprocessor maker to a quality standard-bearer.The ads that included the Intel Inside logo were intentional to create confidence in the onsumers mind that purchasing a personal computer with an Intel microprocessor was both a safe and technologically sound choice. between 1990 and 1993, Intel invested over $500 million in advertising and promotional programs designed to build its brand equity. By 1993, Financial World estimated the Intel brand to be wort h $17. 8 meg. Intel continues its integrated campaigns to this day. For example, when launching its Centrino mobile platform, Intel began with TV ads that aeriform in the United States and 11 other countries.These ads include the animated logo and ow familiar five- none brand signature melody. marker, online, and outdoor advertising followed shortly thereafter. Print ads ran in clips and featured ads that targeted that magazine. For instance, an ad appearing in a sports magazine showed the logo in the center of a tennis racquet with the tagline amply performance laptop. No strings attached. Simultaneously, Intel held a One Unwired Day termination that took place in major cities such as New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Seattle.In addition to allowing allow trial Wi-Fi access, each city held festival events that included live music, roduct demonstrations, and prize giveaways. The party also set up free access demonstration sites (with receiving set Centrino-powered lapto ps) in areas frequented by road warriors, such as San Franciscos airport. To boost interest in mobile computing, the company partnered with Zagat Survey to produce a mini-guide inserted into The New Yorker that identified more than 50 Wi-Fi Hotspotsmainly restaurants and hotelsin the One Unwired Day cities. Finally, Intel ran online ads on such sack up sites as CNET. om and Weather. com. Yahoo created a Wi-Fi Center Web ite co-sponsored by Intel and featuring Centrino advertising.The Unwired campaign was another Intel success in marketing integration. The $300 million issue forth media effort for the Centrino mobile platform helped generate $2 billion in revenue for Intel during the first nine months of the campaign. Among marketers, Intel won the Innovation award in the Business Superbrands Awards 2003. Going forward, Intel CEO Craig Barrett said the company lead aggressively target opportunities outside of its traditional revenue stream in PCs.The company ill be moving beyond Intel Inside to Intel EverywhereIntel chips in every type of digital device possible, from cellphones to flat-panel TVs to portable video players and wireless home networks, even medical diagnostic gear. The company is targeting 10 sassy product areas for its chips. If the rising markets take off, theyll increase demand for PCs and services, bringing new revenues for Intels core products even if its own new products do not succeed in these markets. In 2005, former marketer Paul Otellini will succeed Craig Barrett as CEO and take the helm of this $34 billion company.

Punished by Rewards Essay

The fear with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, As, Praise, and Other Bribes (1993), contends that reinforcements and punishments are two sides of the aforesaid(prenominal) coin (p. 50). Although refunds are certainly more pleasurable, they are every chipping as controlling as punishments, even if they control by subjection (p. 51). According to Kohn, if we want youngsters to become self-regulating, responsible, affectionateness individuals, we must abandon attempts at international control and provide school-age childs with opportunities to develop competence, connection, and autonomy in caring classroom communitiesOne of the most important parts of being an potent teacher is regard of the children you are teaching. When I was learning have to be an effective teacher in my methods classes, many of the techniques that I was taught included proscribedside motivation. When I began my educatee teaching I watched techniques my cooperating teacher employ to motivation and non iced she did not use any of the techniques I had learned in my classes. I install myself confused about how I would handle the national of motivation when it came clock sequence for me to take control of the class on my own.I used stinkpotdy and a treasure chest for honours, but found that I only sure motivation for a short time in return for these rewards. I knew that I would have to do more search and construct a new plan to motivate my students long term. I did some research and found that, external motivation refers to an individuals involvement in an action mechanism because an fillip or reward external to the activity has been offered. An externalally actuate child allow choose to read a book or complete homework because they go away get stickers when they have finished or not be allowed to watch TV if they do not finish.An some other frequently used tactic to motivate children is threating to call the parent or some other authority figure if they do not get t heir work done. some other carcass of motivation is inbred motivation, this involves knowing that a person does what they do, not because someone else wants them to do it, or because I believe someone pull up stakes respect or like me for doing it. What they do satisfies them regardless of what others may think. This true(p) form of motivation reflects the genuine inclinations and feelings of the child, not the values or expectations of teachers or parents (Dr. Gabor Mate, 1999).Although the motivation literatures point out that intrinsic motivation is critical to student learning, the U. S. education system is organized and ran in a way that supports and promotes external motivation. Many parents and teachers believe that the external rewards such as money for trusty grades and bribes are the best way to motivate children. These well-intentioned, quick fix approaches to motivate send the message that there should be a tangible reward for doing schoolwork or behaving correctl y. These techniques may work short-term, but long-term they will weaken the outgrowth of intrinsic motivation.Internal and external motivation does not necessarily reinforce one another. Extrinsic rewards can interfere with intrinsic motivation by turning an intrinsically attractive activity, such as reading for pleasure, into a means to an external goal, such as acquiring a pizza (Deci, 1995). Researchers studying motivation (Deci 1990 Ryan 1985 Nicholls 1983) generally agree on three points. First, motivation is an inherent natural capacity to learn that need to be elicited from within an individual rather than established form outside an individual.Second, teachers and parents must become aware that the long-term earning is to promote the development of motivation that arises for the childs own nature and inclinations. Third, children must be intrinsically motivated to become self-regulated, independent, lifelong learners. One hypothesis that tested internal and external modific ation is the overjustofocation effect. The overjustification effect states that how individuals will feel toward execute certain tasks is determined by whether they are intrinsically or adventitiousally motivated to perform the task (Deci, 1971).Using the self-perception theorys prediction that when foreign motivations are present they will take precedent over intrinsic motivations, the overjustification effect reveals the importance of motivation on performance (Lepper, Greene, & Nisbett). In 1971, Deci suggested that in a situation where an individual was to receive a reward for an activity, and knew about the reward prior to participating in said activity, past the individual would attribute his or her behavior to the reward instead of the activity itself.Decis theory led to the hypothesis that in one case an activity is associated with the external reward a person will be less wedded to participate in the activity in the future without a reward present. Two years aft(pr enominal) Decis study, a group of researchers again tested the overjustification hypothesis in a field experiment. Lepper, Greene, and Nisbett (1973) went to a babys room school and observed childrens intrinsic interest in dissimilar activities to confirm Decis theory. The children were then put into one of three schools for the experiment.In the first condition, known as the expected-award condition, children were told they would receive a reward (a security department with a seal and a ribbon) for partaking in the activity that they were previously doing out of pure intrinsic interest. In the second condition, the unexpected-award condition, the children were not told of the reward until after they finished the activity. In the third condition, also called the no-reward condition, the researchers did not tell or give the children any reward.This group thus served as the control group, since alien rewards were not involved either before or after performance. The extrinsic r eward phase ended with the researchers giving the children the certificates based on their condition group. In the following phase, the researchers let the children go about their activities, but this time without offering or giving any rewards. In accordance with the overjustification hypothesis, the children in the expected-reward condition had become less interested in their activities since the introduction of the extrinsic motivation.However, there was no change in the interest of the group who received the reward unexpectedly. This is because the children in this condition did not know about the reward until after the activity, and therefore attributed their behavior to an enjoyment of the activity. Similarly, those who did not expect or receive a reward had no extrinsic motivation, and showed no crepuscule in interest as a result. Based off of the research I did and examples I found, I plan to base the motivation I provide to my students on intrinsic techniques and rewards.I will do everything I can to help to develop the childrens intrinsic motivation, so they can gain the tools needed to motivate themselves internally. This will be a skill, once mastered that will continue to benefit them and assist them to become productive in all aspects of their lives.

About Love Essay

Overpopulationedit arising editbetaFurther information Family planning in India and Demographics of India India suffers from the problem of overpopulation. The population of India is re eachy high at an estimated 1.27 meg.123 though India ranks second in population, it ranks 33 in population meanness. Indira Gandhi, Prime pastor of India, had imple workforceted a forced sterilisation programme in the wee 1970s but the programme failed. Offici altogethery, hands with two children or more were required to be sterilised, but numerous unmarried young men, political opponents and ignorant, poor men were also believed to hold been affected by this pogramme. This program is still remembered and regretted in India, and is blamed for creating a public aversion to family planning, which hampered Government programmes for decades.4See more Ethnic groups and racial discrimination essayDefinition of Social Economics ProblemsSocio Economics Problems focuses on the birth between social behavior and economics. Social economics examines how social norms, moral philosophy and other(a) social philosophies that influence consumer behavior shape an economy, and uses history, politics and other social sciences to examine potential results from changes to society or the economy. 1. Overpopulation India suffers from the problem of overpopulation. Though India ranks second in population, it ranks 33 in terms of population density below countries such as The Netherlands, South Korea and Japan. To cure this problem, Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, had implemented a forced sterilization programme in the early 1970s but failed. Officially, men with two children or more had to put off to sterilization, but many unmarried young men, political opponents and ignorant, poor men were also believed to have been sterilized. This program is still remembered and criticized in India, and is blamed for creating a wrong public aversion to family planning, which hampered Governme nt programmes for decades.OverpopulationOverpopulation is becoming one of the nigh preeminent problems facing human civilization. This complicated, pervasive issue will set to be a problem ofthe utmost importance for people of all races, religions, and nationalities. Our planet now provides for approximately 5.8 billion people, with projections of around 10 billion by the year 2050. Two billion of these ar extremely poor, the poorest of which weather in absolute poverty and misery. One very serious power of the population explosion is its detrimental effects on the global environment. change magnitude meters of food, energy, water, and shelter are required to fulfill the needs of human society. lots of our energy is derived from the burning of fossil fuels-releasing millions of metric tons of toxins into the atmosphere annually. The amount of land required for food production will grow more and more larger, while the amount of available land will grow more and more smaller. The affects of overpopulation on human society are many. Suffering from a neglect of resources, people are often driven to war when they become withal numerous for their available resources. Ethnic and racial differences will grow increasingly frequent and unresolvable. Increasing numbers in urban areas will tear down quality of life in cities around the world.The precipitators of this complex issue are unlimited. Factors such as poverty, food distribution, and government corruption are all important aspects. No one will be unaffected by the repercussions of an overpopulated world. This highly sensitive and complex issue demands the attention of all who engage upon this planet, particularly those who have the ability to work for change.